Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

The Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey is a team of board-certified neurologists and neurosurgeons who provide expert care for a variety of pediatric neurological conditions, including Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Our team uses advanced diagnostic tools and innovative treatment techniques to ensure the best outcomes for your child.

The Physical Impact

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a rare and severe form of epilepsy that typically begins in early childhood, often between the ages of 3 and 5. Children with LGS experience multiple types of seizures, such as atonic (drop attacks), tonic-clonic, or atypical absence seizures, which are often resistant to standard treatments. These frequent and sometimes difficult-to-control seizures can lead to developmental delays, cognitive impairments, and challenges in daily functioning.

How Common Is This Condition?

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome accounts for a small percentage of childhood epilepsies but is considered one of the most treatment-resistant forms. While the exact cause can vary, LGS may be linked to underlying brain injuries, genetic factors, or developmental disorders. Early intervention is critical for improving seizure control and supporting neurological development.

Signs and Symptoms

Children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome may experience:

• Multiple Seizure Types: Atonic (drop attacks), tonic-clonic (convulsions), or atypical absence seizures.
• Frequent Seizures: Daily or even multiple seizures per day.
• Cognitive and Developmental Delays: Learning difficulties, memory problems, and slowed motor skills.
• Behavioral Issues: Irritability, hyperactivity, or aggression linked to frequent seizures and neurological challenges.
• Sleep Disturbances: Seizure activity may intensify during sleep, affecting rest and recovery.

How We Diagnose

At the Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey, diagnosing Lennox-Gastaut syndrome involves a thorough evaluation of seizure types, frequency, and associated developmental milestones. A customized diagnostic process may include:

• EEG (Electroencephalogram): Identifies characteristic slow spike-and-wave patterns often seen in LGS.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Detects structural abnormalities that may contribute to seizures.
• Genetic Testing: Helps determine if an inherited or genetic factor is involved.
• Neurodevelopmental Assessment: Evaluates cognitive and motor skills to guide supportive therapies.

This comprehensive approach allows our specialists to confirm the diagnosis and plan an effective treatment strategy.

Treatment Options

Because Lennox-Gastaut syndrome can be challenging to treat, our team employs a multidisciplinary approach to support both seizure control and developmental progress. Options may include:

• Medications: Multiple anti-seizure drugs, sometimes in combination, specifically targeted for LGS.
• Dietary Therapies: The ketogenic or modified Atkins diet may help reduce seizure frequency.
• Medical Devices: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) or other neuromodulatory devices can decrease seizure severity.
• Surgical Intervention: In some cases, procedures such as corpus callosotomy or resective surgery may be considered.
• Behavioral and Educational Support: Collaboration with therapists, educators, and family members to address developmental or behavioral challenges.

At the Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey, we partner with families to find the right combination of treatments, therapies, and support services that foster a better quality of life for children with LGS.