Encephaloceles

The Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey is a team of board-certified neurologists and neurosurgeons who provide expert care for a variety of pediatric neurological conditions, including encephaloceles. Our team uses advanced diagnostic tools and innovative treatment techniques to ensure the best outcomes for your child.

The Physical Impact

Encephaloceles are rare neural tube defects in which brain tissue and its protective membranes protrude through an opening in the skull. These sac-like protrusions can occur anywhere along the midline of the skull, most often at the back of the head or between the forehead and nose. Depending on their size and location, encephaloceles can lead to neurological problems, developmental delays, seizures, and issues with movement, vision, or cognition.

How Common Is This Condition?

Encephaloceles are relatively rare congenital conditions. They form during early fetal development when the neural tube (which becomes the brain and spinal cord) does not close completely. While the exact cause is often unknown, environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and maternal health may influence their occurrence.

Signs and Symptoms

The severity of symptoms depends on the size, location, and contents of the encephalocele. Common signs include:

• A visible sac or protrusion on the head, sometimes covered by skin or a thin membrane
• Neurological issues such as seizures or developmental delays
• Vision or hearing impairments
• Problems with muscle tone, coordination, or balance
• Cognitive or learning difficulties

How We Diagnose

At the Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey, diagnosing encephaloceles involves a careful review of your child's medical history, a thorough physical exam, and the use of advanced imaging techniques. Key diagnostic tools include:

• Prenatal Imaging (Ultrasound, Fetal MRI): May detect encephaloceles before birth.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Offers detailed visualization of the brain and protruding tissue.
• CT Scan (Computed Tomography): Assesses bone structure and the extent of the skull defect.
• Neurological Evaluation: Identifies any developmental or functional challenges related to the encephalocele.

This comprehensive approach ensures a clear understanding of the condition and guides an effective treatment plan.

Treatment Options

Treatment for encephaloceles typically involves neurosurgical intervention to remove or repair the protrusion and protect the brain. Additional therapies may be needed to address associated neurological issues. Options may include:

• Surgery: To remove the encephalocele, reconstruct the skull, and alleviate pressure on the brain.
• Shunt Placement: If hydrocephalus (excess fluid in the brain) is present, a shunt may be placed to maintain proper fluid drainage.
• Therapies & Rehabilitation: Physical, occupational, or speech therapy to support developmental milestones and improve quality of life.
• Ongoing Monitoring: Regular follow-ups to ensure healthy growth, detect any complications, and provide supportive care.

At the Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey, we deliver a multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach, working closely with specialists to ensure comprehensive care for your child.