Pediatric Movement Disorders

The Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey is a team of board-certified neurologists and neurosurgeons who provide expert care for a variety of pediatric neurological conditions, including pediatric movement disorders. Our team uses advanced diagnostic tools and innovative treatment techniques to ensure the best outcomes for your child.

The Physical Impact

Pediatric movement disorders encompass a broad range of conditions that affect how a child's muscles move or coordinate. These disorders can include dystonia, chorea, athetosis, tremor, tics, and other involuntary or disruptive movements. Movement disorders in children may result from genetic factors, underlying neurological conditions, infections, metabolic disorders, or injuries to the brain. The impact on a child's daily life can range from mild difficulties with fine motor skills to more severe challenges with walking, speaking, or self-care.

How Common Is This Condition?

Pediatric movement disorders vary widely in both type and prevalence. While some, like Tourette syndrome, are more commonly recognized, others may be rare or associated with complex medical conditions such as cerebral palsy or genetic syndromes. Early detection and intervention are key to helping children manage symptoms and maintain the highest possible level of independence.

Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of pediatric movement disorders depend on the specific condition and its severity. Common indicators include:

• Involuntary muscle contractions or spasms (dystonia)
• Sudden, jerky movements (chorea or tics)
• Uncontrolled writhing movements (athetosis)
• Tremors or shaking, especially when moving or at rest
• Difficulty coordinating walking or other gross motor skills
• Challenges with fine motor tasks, such as handwriting or buttoning clothes

How We Diagnose

At the Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey, diagnosing pediatric movement disorders involves a thorough evaluation of your child's medical history, symptoms, and overall development. We may use:

• Neurological Examination: Evaluates muscle tone, reflexes, coordination, and gait.
• Imaging Studies: MRI or CT scans can help identify structural abnormalities or lesions in the brain.
• Genetic and Metabolic Testing: Detects hereditary factors or metabolic conditions that may contribute to movement disorders.
• EEG (Electroencephalogram): While more often used for seizure disorders, it may be helpful if there's concern for co-existing epileptic activity.

This comprehensive assessment allows our team to pinpoint the root cause of your child's movement disorder and develop an individualized treatment plan.

Treatment Options

Treatment for pediatric movement disorders aims to reduce symptoms, improve motor function, and enhance overall quality of life. Options may include:

• Medications: Such as muscle relaxants, anti-dystonic medications, or other targeted drugs to help control involuntary movements.
• Physical and Occupational Therapy: Helps children build strength, improve coordination, and develop strategies for daily tasks.
• Botulinum Toxin Injections (Botox): Can temporarily relax overactive muscles in conditions like dystonia.
• Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): A surgical intervention that uses electrical impulses to regulate abnormal brain signals.
• Supportive Therapies: Speech therapy, psychological support, and educational interventions to address co-existing communication, cognitive, or emotional challenges.

At the Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey, we take a multidisciplinary approach, working collaboratively with families and specialists to find the best course of action for your child's unique needs.