The Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey is a team of board-certified neurologists and neurosurgeons who provide expert care for a variety of pediatric neurological conditions, including pediatric hydrocephalus. Our team uses advanced diagnostic tools and innovative treatment techniques to ensure the best outcomes for your child.
The Physical Impact
Pediatric hydrocephalus occurs when an excess of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulates in the brain's ventricles, leading to increased pressure inside the skull. This buildup can cause the head to enlarge, particularly in infants, and can impact brain development if left untreated. Children with hydrocephalus may experience symptoms such as headaches, vomiting, vision changes, and developmental delays. Early diagnosis and timely intervention can help prevent complications and preserve neurological function.
How Common Is This Condition?
Hydrocephalus is relatively common in pediatric neurosurgery. It can be congenital, meaning present at birth, or acquired, developing later due to factors such as infections (e.g., meningitis), tumors, traumatic brain injury, or bleeding in the brain. The condition varies in severity, and each case requires an individualized treatment plan.
Risk Factors:
- Premature birth and associated complications (e.g., intraventricular hemorrhage)
- Congenital malformations of the brain or spine (e.g., spina bifida)
- Brain or spinal cord tumors
- Central nervous system infections
- Head trauma
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of pediatric hydrocephalus can vary based on the child's age and the severity of fluid buildup. Common indicators include:
- Rapid head growth or an unusually large head size in infants
- Bulging or tense soft spot (fontanel) on the top of the head
- Vomiting, irritability, and poor feeding
- Sleepiness or lethargy
- Downward deviation of the eyes (“sunset eyes”)
- Headaches and vision problems in older children
- Coordination or balance difficulties
How We Diagnose
At the Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey, we perform a comprehensive evaluation to diagnose pediatric hydrocephalus. This often involves:
- Physical Exam: Assesses head circumference, neurological function, and developmental milestones.
- Imaging Studies: MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) or CT Scan (Computed Tomography) to visualize fluid buildup and underlying causes.
- Ultrasound: In infants, cranial ultrasound through the fontanel can detect enlarged ventricles.
- Additional Assessments: May include eye exams to evaluate pressure-related changes or neuropsychological testing if there are developmental concerns.
These evaluations allow our team to identify the cause and extent of hydrocephalus and plan an effective course of treatment.
Treatment Options
The primary goal in treating pediatric hydrocephalus is to relieve excess fluid and reduce intracranial pressure. Treatment options include:
- Shunt Placement: A small device that drains CSF from the ventricles to another area of the body (usually the abdomen).
- Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV): A minimally invasive procedure that creates a new pathway for CSF flow.
- Tumor or Lesion Removal: If a mass is causing blockage of CSF flow, surgical intervention may alleviate hydrocephalus.
- Ongoing Monitoring and Adjustments: Regular follow-up is essential, as shunts can require revisions and to ensure the child's development remains on track.
At the Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey, our multidisciplinary team provides comprehensive care, working closely with families to manage hydrocephalus effectively and support each child's long-term well-being.
Our Commitment to Your Child's Health
“I am neurosurgeon living in New Jersey, board-certified by both the American Board of Neurosurgery (ABNS) and Pediatric Neurosurgery (ABPNS). I specialize in the surgical treatment of complex epilepsy and serve as the Director of the Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey, Chief of Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery at Sanzari Children's Hospital, and Chief of Pediatric Neurosurgery at Children's Hospital of NJ, where I provide exceptional care for children with complex neurological conditions. Your child's health and well-being are our top priorities.”
