The Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey is a team of board-certified neurologists and neurosurgeons who provide expert care for a variety of pediatric neurological conditions, including congenital malformations of the brain and spine. Our team uses advanced diagnostic tools and innovative treatment techniques to ensure the best outcomes for your child.
The Physical Impact
Congenital malformations of the brain and spine are structural abnormalities that develop during fetal growth. These conditions can vary widely in severity and may include issues like neural tube defects (e.g., spina bifida), abnormal brain development (e.g., holoprosencephaly), or defects in the formation of the skull or spinal column. Such malformations can lead to neurological symptoms, developmental delays, and challenges with movement, sensation, or basic bodily functions.
How Common Is This Condition?
Congenital malformations of the brain and spine occur in a small percentage of births but represent a significant area of pediatric neurosurgical care. The incidence and specific type of malformation can vary by region, maternal health factors, genetic influences, and access to prenatal care. While some malformations are detected before birth through prenatal imaging, others may become apparent only after the child is born.
Risk Factors:
- Genetic mutations or inherited conditions
- Maternal health and nutrition (e.g., low folic acid intake)
- Exposure to certain medications or toxins during pregnancy
- Maternal infections during pregnancy
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms depend on the specific malformation, its location, and severity. Common signs and symptoms may include:
- Developmental delays in motor skills or cognitive functions
- Weakness or paralysis in the limbs
- Abnormal head shape or head size
- Difficulty feeding or swallowing
- Seizures
- Hydrocephalus (excess fluid in the brain)
- Problems with bladder or bowel control
How We Diagnose
At the Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey, we use a comprehensive diagnostic approach to identify congenital malformations of the brain and spine. This often involves:
- Prenatal Imaging (Ultrasound, Fetal MRI): Detecting abnormalities before birth, when possible.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Detailed images of the brain and spinal cord structure to confirm the diagnosis and plan treatment.
- CT Scan (Computed Tomography): May be used for quick imaging or to evaluate bone structures.
- Neurological and Developmental Evaluations: Assessing how the malformation affects cognitive, motor, and sensory functions.
Accurate diagnosis is essential for creating a personalized treatment plan aimed at improving your child's quality of life.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the type and severity of the malformation, as well as the specific challenges your child faces. Options may include:
- Surgery: To correct structural issues, relieve pressure on the brain or spinal cord, or address associated conditions like hydrocephalus.
- Therapies and Rehabilitation: Physical, occupational, or speech therapy to support development, improve mobility, and enhance communication skills.
- Medication Management: To control seizures, manage pain, or address other related symptoms.
- Assistive Devices: Braces, walkers, or other equipment to support mobility and independence.
The Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey offers a multidisciplinary approach, working closely with other specialists to provide comprehensive, individualized care.
Our Commitment to Your Child's Health
“I am neurosurgeon living in New Jersey, board-certified by both the American Board of Neurosurgery (ABNS) and Pediatric Neurosurgery (ABPNS). I specialize in the surgical treatment of complex epilepsy and serve as the Director of the Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey, Chief of Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery at Sanzari Children's Hospital, and Chief of Pediatric Neurosurgery at Children's Hospital of NJ, where I provide exceptional care for children with complex neurological conditions. Your child's health and well-being are our top priorities.”
